This study investigates the effects of different photovoltaic (PV) panel types on soil and biological soil crusts (BSCs) under vegetation restoration in sandy areas. A 150 MW PV power plant in Huanghuatan, located in the Tengger Desert, was selected as the research site. . Scientific and reasonable vegetation restoration plays a pivotal role in enhancing soil quality, boosting ecosystem services, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of photovoltaic (PV) power stations in desert regions. To elucidate the response mechanisms of soil under different vegetation. . New field research in Qinghai links large solar parks with measurable microclimate and soil changes that could aid desert restoration. Deserts have long been seen as nature's dead zones – vast, sunburnt wastelands too hostile for anything but the hardiest of plants and insects.
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